back arrow forward arrow

Worked Example

Heavy water to light water ratios in Arctic ice cores enable climatologists to determine past temperatures. How does the heavy water to light water ratio in Arctic ice cores change as temperature increases? Explain why the ratio changes.

Click here to show answer

The heavy water to light water ratio in ice cores increases as temperature increases. This occurs because heavy water and light water evaporate and condense at different rates. Light water evaporates more readily than heavy water, so water vapor in the atmosphere generally has a low heavy water to light water ratio. However, as temperature increases, evaporation of both heavy water and light water occurs more readily, so the abundance of heavy water in the atmosphere increases. Then, because heavy water condenses more readily than light water, the ratio of heavy water to light water in precipitation begins to increase. Some of this precipitation that contains a greater amount of heavy water falls on glaciers where it becomes incorporated into the ice that is eventually taken as part of an ice core sample. Therefore, the section of the ice cores from the time when the precipitation fell will contain water molecules with a higher heavy water to light water ratio, indicating warmer temperatures.

For questions or concerns, please email us at kcvs@kingsu.ca.
Content subject to KCVS terms of use.
Click here to see our land acknowledgement.
© The King's Centre for Visualization in Science.